DHAIVAM MAANUSHA RUUPENA
The Divine comes down in human form in order to elevate the human, the crown of his creation, to the level of the Divine. Divine incarnations over the vast scale of Time are many: Avathaara Hi Asankheyaah, as the VishnuPuraana states. Although each of the Avathaars possesses all divine powers, they exercise selective powers as appropriate to the specific periods, purposes and problems required to be tackled.
SHIVA & SAI SIMILARITIES
We try to fathom the nature of a particular Avathaar by comparing and contrasting, and establishing similarities, equalities or congruences with an established Divine Personality in respect of their mutual characteristics, metaphysics or philosophy, powers, activities, appearances, including their names and their meanings; we then come to an inferential conclusion that the given divine manifestation or Avathaar closely approximates or resembles the primordial Divine principle or Form described in our ancient scriptures.
Using the established criteria for such comparisons, twenty five elements or considerations are elaborated below pointing out that the Sathya Sai Avathaar closely resembles the Shiva principle. Hence the appropriateness of the ending of the Haarathi (waving of lights) song with the expressions, Shiva-Sai-Mahaa-Dheva.
SHIVA'S BOON TO THE GREAT
SAGE, BHARADVAAJA!
That Sathya SaiBaba
is an incarnation of Shiva-Shakthi is attested by the Bharadhvaaja-incident,
when the great sage, visiting Kailash, thought he was neglected
by Shiva and Shakthi involved in their cosmic dance; later,
Shiva
graced sage Bharadhvaaja with a boon that He would be born thrice
successively in the BharadhvaajaGothra or lineage: first, Shiva
alone as Shirdi Sai, then
Shiva and Shakthi
together as Sathya Sai, and
Shakthi alone as Prema
Sai.
SAI NAME AND MEANING :
SHIVA-SHAKTHI
The name SAAYEE itself
means: Shiva-Shakthi. Etymologically, the first letter Sa(h)
signifies the supreme Divinity (Eeshvara) or Shiva. Ayee,
the second word signifies Shakthi,
Ambaa or the universal
Divine
Mother.If the two letters are joined, the euphonic combination becomes
Saayee:
The great Vedhik scholar and seer of the holy Manthra, the
Sathya
SaiGaayathree, the late Ghandikota Subrahmanya Shaasthry versified
in Sanskrith as follows:
Shivah Sah Ithi Anena
Ukthah
Ayee Ithi Ambaa Prakeerthithaa
Thath Samyogah Shivas-Saambah
Saayee Ithi Prathipaadhyathe
Baba has repeatedly declared the same, that his essential form is Shiva Shakthi. In an unusual interview Baba graced Shaasthreeji and myself (his son), Svaami created a tri-colour picture containing His bust in the middle of a Shiva Linga seated on the coils of a divine serpent, which covered the top of the Linga with its seven hoods (symbolic of the seven worlds or seven levels of consciousness). Svaami stated that this Saayeeshvara picture represented His "true form!"
If the word Eesha is reversed in its Sanskrith rendering, it becomes Shaayee, further reducing to Saayee or Sai, for short. Thus Svaami's name as well as its meaning point in the direction of Shiva.
SHIVA SAI'S UNIVERSALITY
Baba draws to Himself
devotees from all classes, castes, creeds, cultures, conditions, countries
and from all types of people, just as Shiva whose devotees include
both angelic as well as demonic persons. He is equally accessible to one
and all, unlike Vishnu whom Dhevathas adore, but whom Raakshasas
abhor. Vishnu, in charge of maintaining the world, uses DHANDA -
the big stick and massive weaponry to bring into
Dhaarmik line the
wicked and the demonic.
SHIVA SAI'S ACCESSIBILITY
Baba is easily accessible
and also easily pleased just as Shiva who is called BholaShankar.
He is Sulabha Prasanna and Aashu-Thosha.
Baba
daily walks around the lines of devotees graciously accepting their letters;
He reaches them Himself with materializations of sacred ash, Vibhuuthi.
He ministers individually to the needs and requirements of His devotees
by loving grace of love-filled miracles.
In the famous Vedhik hymn, Namakam or Shath Rudhreeyam, Shiva is adored as Kruthsna Veethaaya Dhaavathe Sathvanaam Pathaye Namah! "Salutations to Shiva who rushes to the help and to the rescue of the devotees." So does our Svaami, as attested by innumerable devotees from all over the wide world. Just as Shiva is termed as Adhya Vochath, Adhivakhaa i.e., one who eloquently praises and vouchsafes for his devotees, Baba praises even a small "mustard-like" service rendered by them in terms of "pumpkin-size" encomiums!
SHIVA SAI'S CORE TEACHING
In regard to metaphysics,
the Shiva oriented principle of "SHIVOHAM" and the SathyaSai
teaching of Soham are non-dualistic, reflecting the Mahaa-Vaakyas:
Thath
Thvam Asi and
Aham Brahmaasmi - (Thou Art That, and, I am the
Divine). In Shiva worship, it is laid down that the worshiper must
develop the feeling of one-ness with Shiva, Soham Bhaavenapuuyajeth.
In the case of Vishnu it is near-blasphemy to say "VISHNOHAM"!
SAI DHAKSHINAA MUURTHI
Shiva is the primal
preceptor in the form of DhakshinaaMuurthi. He is the Lord in Kailash
facing the southern direction, DhakshinaaMuurthi. He is the Lord
of love and mercy, Dhaakshinyam. He teaches profound spiritual lessons
by Chinmudhras or symbolic hand gestures, in which the right thumb
(representing Paramaathma, the Supreme Self) closing with the index
finger (i.e. Jeevaathma or individual self) indicates fullness or
Puurnathvam.
The other three outstretched fingers indicate the moving away of the wordy
qualities of Sathva, Rajas and Thamas - goodness,
passion and inertia. Through these divine hand-gestures Shiva, as
DhakshinaaMuurthi
boons the gift of Supreme Liberating Knowledge,
Jnaana Dhakshina.
Similarly, the bed-rock of Sai's teaching is Adhvaitha, non-dual equality of the individual and the Cosmic Self. Like DhakshinaaMuurthi, he is truly Adhvaitha Jnaana Bhaaskara, the Sun of the knowledge of supreme reality. Svaami's silent, creative and transformational activities are effected, as it were, by His Shanmudhras or six types of hand-gestures or circling movements of the hand and fingers.
SHIVA SAI'S STATURE AND
LOOKS
Shiva is described
in Namakam as short in stature and handsome in form: NAMO HRASVAAYACHA
VAAMANAAYACHA. He is also praised as being eternally youthful. NAMO MADHYAMAAYACHA
APA GALBHAAYACHA. Baba can be described in similar terms of short stature
and youthful and handsome in his divine demeanour! Short in stature but
mighty in mind boggling miracles, as a U.N. diplomat in Delhi once stated:
"How come! a five feet person draws five lakhs of people!"
SHIVA SAI AS JATAA JUUTEE
Shiva is described
as JATAA JUUTEE, with curly (matted) locks of hair. It is said in Rudhram:
NAMAH KAPARDHINECHA VYUPTHA-KESHAAYA CHA "Prostrations to the Divine with
(matted) curly hair and who is also clean shaven"!. Shiva's hair
is described as completely black, HARI KESHAAYOPAVEETHINE PUSHTAANAAM PATHAYE
NAMAH. Similarly Baba's hair is also curly, bushy, and black, bearing
striking resemblance with the description of Jataa Jutee.
He is also clean shaven, "Vyuaptha Keshi", like Shiva.
SHIVA-SAI'S COLOURS
Shiva's form is described
in the Vedhik hymn: ASAU YASTHAAMRO ARUNA UTHA BABHRUS-SUMANGALAH
i.e., crimson, red and orange which are the early morning colours of the
Sun. These are the colours of Baba's dress which is sometimes light
red, sometimes deep red but almost always orange, the most auspicious colour.
SHIVA SAI AND VIBHUUTHI
Shiva's body is adorned
with holy. ash resulting from the burning of all desires as represented
by Manmatha; it also signifies the truth that ultimately, every
thing is not only transient but reduced to mere ashes or dust at the end.
Shiva
is therefore called Kaamaari, the destroyer of lust and also as
Bhasmoddhulitha
Muurthi, a divinity covered with holy ash. Similarly, Sathya
Sai who is bereft of any selfish desire used to be covered with
holy ash, gushing out as a stream from his empty hands during the Mahaa
ShivaRaathri
celebrations! It is well known that Baba creates
at will, several times daily, in the view of thousands of people, undepleted
amounts of holy ash by a mere wave of his empty hand. Like Shiva,
Baba
can be truly called a Vibhuuthi Sundhara (adorned by holy ash).
Vibhuuti is the hall-mark of
Shiva and so is SathyaSai's.
Vibhuuthi
teaches us the lesson: "Dust we are and to dust we return." This VairaagyaBhaava
frees us from body oriented attachments.
SHIVA SAI AS LINGODBHAVAKARA
Shiva's first manifested
form took the shape of a mighty egg shaped column of radiant effulgence,
the Jyothirlinga which represents the primordial source, force and
fulfillment of all Life. Linga symbolises the loving union of God
and Nature, Purusha and Prakrithi, the basis of all creation
which is pervaded by Divinity. During MahaaShivaRaathri days, Baba
used to materialise a variety of Lingas in His stomach and emit
them from His divine mouth symbolising the cosmic creative act. He also
creates Shiva Lingas of all types from his empty hand and
gifts them to devotees. Furthermore, He has taken out the original Lingas
underlying
the idols in such holy places as
Somnaath, Badharinaath etc,
recharging them in the process and restoring them back to their original
niches and pristine glory. Baba is truly a Lingodhbava-kara,
because ShivaLingas continue to emerge, as willed by Him, from His
mere empty palm.
On Mahaa ShivaRaathri of 1961 Baba took out from his mouth the Aathma-Linga as a visible evidence of the Aathmik principle of Divinity, which inheres in all. During the 1974 Mahaa-Shiva-Raathri festival, Svaami manifested a ten-inch long, Aathma Linga. He then made the astounding declaration that the sight of this AathmaLinga, which is described by Kapila Maharishi, would free one from the transmigratory cycle of births and deaths! That Linga assumed different colours every ten minutes!
SHIVA-SAI'S SIMPLICITY
Simplicity and an austere
bearing are the hallmarks of Shiva who is called Alankaara Varjitha
free from ornamentation, unlike Vishnu who is praised as AlankaaraPriya
or the one pleased with decorations. In the entire Vedhik
pantheon
of deities, every deity except Shiva, are bedecked with ornaments,
practically from head to toe. Shiva, although without ornaments,
showers all rich ornaments on his devotees; Kubera owes his proverbial
wealth to Shiva.
Similarly, Baba is simple and austere, does not even wear a watch, although he creates time-pieces at will! Like Shiva, he is truly AlamkaaraVarjitha, bereft of ornaments, and also AhamkaaraVarjitha, with no trace of egotism. While Himself free from ornaments, Baba graciously materialises, day-in and day-out, jewellery, gold chains, lockets, wrist watches, icons of gold and precious stones for his devotees. He, like Shiva, is a divine jeweller showering Vibhuuthi, Lingas and precious ornaments. These articles serve as talisman of protection from the ills of body, mind and ego.
SHIVA SAI'S ADORNMENTS
The adornments of Shiva
are only natural entities, like the crescent moon radiating cool rays,
the serpents round his neck and arms and the thousand-hooded Divine Serpent
over His Linga (NaagaLinga ) symbolising His mastery over
the Mind (Moon) and the myriad senses (serpents). In the tri-colour picture
created by Svaami for the Vedhik scholar Pandith G. Subrahmanya
Shaasthry, the seven-headed divine serpent hovers over the Linga
in the midst of which Baba's bust is manifested!
Similarly, Baba's head is covered, according to Dr. Baranowski, an expert in Kirilian photography, by a large aura, a mass of shining bluish rays. Devotees see visions of Baba as a moving column of effulgent light, radiating cool rays like the Moon!
SHIVA SAI'S MULTIPLE FORMS
Like Shiva who is
adored in the Vedha as VIRUUPEBHYAH VISHVARUUPEBHYAH, Baba
can take any form, assume different names appearing in several places,
simultaneously. Baba, when He was young visited Viruupaaksha
temple along with a party of relatives and the then Chairman of Bellary
Municipality; it was vouchsafed that He was seen simultaneously inside
the sanctum sanctorum of the Deity as well as under a tree outside the
temple at one and the same time! Sai literature has numerous instances
of Baba's simultaneous multiple appearances at far away places!
SHIVA-SAI AS GANGAA DHAARI
Baba, like Shiva,
is a Gangaa Dhaari, the bearer and giver of Ganga waters,
Baba
in His early teens used to being given by His mother, an oil bath on His
birthdays. On one such occasion,
Baba declared that there was no
need for pouring any water over His head; and lo and behold! Water started
flowing from the top of His head and spilled over the mother and an attending
relative!
Long afterwards in 1997, Baba gifted safe, piped drinking water supply to a million people in the parched Ananthapur district. He is truly a Gangaa Dhaari like Shiva who is associated closely with the lifes-supportinve waters, as mentioned in several hymns of Namakam dedicated to Shiva.
SHIVA-SAI AS JALA MUURTHI
Shiva is called Jala
Muurthi, the life-supportive water-form. This is extensively hinted
in the holy Vedhik hymn of Rudhram or Namakam.
Namah Suudhyaayacha,
Sarasyaayacha
Namo Naadhyaayacha,
Namah Kuupyaayacha;
Namah Sikathyaayacha
Pravaahyaayacha;
Namah Theerthyaayacha
Kuulyaayacha.
Salutations to that Divinity
which is closely associated
with lakes,
rivers, wells, reservoirs,
and water falls.
Once I told Baba that hydrologists are sceptical of the long-term viability of water supply to the proposed Sathya Sai Water Project in the dry Ananthapur district and that the abiding solution is the inter-basin water transfer from the far-away Godhaavari river. Baba then made the astounding declaration that He guarantees water supply to the project for many centuries provided the water pipe-lines are built strong enough to last that long! In any case, the Godhaavari originates in Thryambakeshavara and he pointed out to His heart as the true place of origin of these waters!
SHIVA SAI: THREE-EYED?
When Svaami was in
his early twenties, a restless youth who was an incorrigible cricket fan,
was given the task of attending to Baba.
Baba was reeling
out cricket scores of a match being played in far away Madras in order
to keep the youth happy! Even then, the boy kept asking questions of Svaami,
particularly about the third eye of Shiva.
Svaami looked
intensely at the young man, when a jet stream of Vibhuuthi shot
out with gale force from the middle space of the eye-brows of Svaami
suchwise, that the youth was catapulted to the other end of the hall! The
story is narrated in "Man of Miracles" and also reconfirmed to me recently
by the then youth, now in his early sixties. Shiva is adored as
Thryambaka
the
three eyed as in the famous hymn of liberation "ThryambakamYajaaMahe",
and so is Sai Baba a Thrayambaka
the three-eyed one
with his Jnaana Nethra, the third eye of wisdom, always open.
SHIVA SAI AS DOCTOR OF
DOCTORS
Shiva is worshipped in the
ShathaRudhreeya
Hymn as being Prathamo DhaivyoBhishak as the primordial
divine doctor. In the same Vedhik text Shiva is adored as
Vishva Bheshaje, Vishvaaha Bheshajee, Shivaa Rudhrasya Bheshajee.
He is the expert physician curing all the ills. Another hymn praises Him
as the Lord and Master of the world of Medicines,
Bhuvanthave Vaarivaskruthaava
OSHADHEENAAM PATHAYE NAMAH.
Like Shiva, Baba
is the doctor of doctors, effecting innumerable cures of many illnesses
of the Body, Mind, the Intellect and the Ego as well by his mere divine
touch; Svaami materialises Vibhuuthi with curative properties,
as well as actual medicinal tablets; He performed miraculous surgeries,
including the materialisation of the necessary Surgical implements as asserted,
confirmed and reconfirmed, particularly in Howard Murphet's writings.
SHIVA SAI AND BRAHMACHARYA
Shiva as DhakshinaMuurthi,
is a complete celibate, teaching by silence the non-dualistic unity of
Jeevaathma
with Paramaathma. He is surrounded by the eternal celibates: Sanaka,
Sanandha,
Sanath-Kumaara and Sanaathana, the
four mind-born sons of the creator Brahma. Thus Shiva is
called Brahma-Charyaashrama Priya (fond of celibacy).
Similarly, Svaami is a complete celibate, Brahmachaaari, who is in constant integrated Braahmik consciousness, teaching non-dualism all His life. He is also surrounded by the student Brahma Chaaris, BrahmachaariPariveshtitha. Svaami repeatedly declares that His only property is His students.
SHIVA SAI AS YOGEESHVARA
Shiva is the Lord
of Yogis, Yogeeshvara; while Vishnu
(Krishna) is the
Lord of the Yogas, Yogeshvara (vide the 18 yogas in the BhagavathGeetha).
SathyaSai
is Yogijanapriya, the darling and nourisher of the Yogis. He closely
instructs, guides and sustains them to achieve perfection as in the case
of the Yogik practitioners in the
NarayanaGuha, to whom He gifted
a vessel producing food and drink whenever needed!
SHIVA SAI AS MRUTHYUNJAYA
Shiva is the master
or conqueror of death; he is called Mruthyunjaya.
Baba protects
and saves devotees from untimely death i.e., Apamruthyuhara as in
the case of Mr. Cowan in Madras, Mr. Raadhaakrishna of Kuppam and Pandith
GhandiKota Subrahmanya Shaasthry in August 1985.
SHIVA SAI'S SEATING:
Shiva is seated on
a tiger skin, Vyaaghra CharmaAaseena, suggestive of the control
of cruel animalistic qualities.
Svaami, in Prashaanthi Mandhir,
is daily seated on a chair underneath of which is a tiger headed skin.
In his wandering youth days, Svaami's only luggage piece was a tiger
skin (with a pair of towels)!
SHIVA SAI'S SELFLESS SERVICE
Shiva is an ascetic,
a renunciate, a Mahaa Viraagi and dedicated to LokaSangraha,
the welfare of the worlds (E.g. He swallowed deadly poison and saved the
world). Svaami, likewise, is supremely detached within and intensely active
without and performs loving selfless service, through free educational,
medical, humanitarian relief activities, such as provision of drinking
water supply to lakhs of people.
He tirelessly teaches SaiShadvarga, the six human values of truth, righteousness, peace, love, non-violence and selfless service/sacrifice for Lokasangraha in order to counteract the poison of Arishadvarga, the six inner enemies of Lust, Anger, Greed, Attachment, Pride and jealousy.
SHIVA SAI, THE
ATHYAASHRAMI
Svaami like Shiva
is universal, transcends caste, class, creed, country, culture etc. He
is beyond all orders and categories; He is truly an Athya Aashramee,
like Shiva. He teaches universality: "There is only one Race, the
race of humanity; only one Religion, the religion of love; only one Language,
the language of the heart and only one God and He is omnipresent!"
SHIVA SAI: YANTHRA,
MANTHRA AND THANTHRA
For each aspect of Shiva,
there is a symbolic Yanthra or numerical (and geometrical) representation.
In the case of Shiva, the Absolute, it is number nine. Letter
"Shi" in the science of Manthras is signified by the number
of five and the letter "va" equals number four, making a total of nine.
Eeashvara
connected
with creation is signified by number eight. And an
Avathaar
is signified by number seven, which is the hall mark of ShivaShakthi.
Sai
is Sapthamayee, with seven fold powers, principles, and purposes.
Similarly, for each manifestation of Shiva there is a Manthra or sacred sound-formula. As Rudhra-ShivaMahaa-Dheva, the Manthra in the Gaayathree form is:
Thathpurushaaya Vidhmahe,
Mahaa Dhevaaya Dheemahi
Thanno Rudhrah Prachodhayaath.
In respect of Bhagavaan Baba, the Gaayathree manthra is as follows:
Om. Saayeeshvaraaya
Vidhmahe
Sathya-dhevaaya Dheemahi,
Thannah-sarvah Prachodhayaath
We realise that Sai is Eeshvara
i.e., Shiva.
We meditate on this God
of Truth.
May That Almighty, All in-All
personality, lead us toliberation.
Similarly, for each manifestation of Shiva, there is a Thanthra, a schema of adoration, worship and prayer. In the case of Shiva, the adoration is through the chanting of the Shatha Rudhreeyam; the worship is done by pouring water over the holy Linga, called Abhishekam, and the prayer is contained in the Vedhik hymn of Chamakam. In the case of SathyaSai, there are similar forms of adoration, worship and prayer: SathyaSaiGaayathree chanting, Sai AshtotharaNaama Puuja and Haarathi with the waving of lights. The Haarathi song is addressed to Shiva-SaiMahaa-Dhevaa! and finally comes the distribution of Vibhuuthi, which is the hall-mark of both Shiva and Sai, the-visible manifestation of ShivaThathva being the non-dualistic principle of "Soham" (Sah + Aham = I am Divinity): SaiShivoham.
Baba has repeatedly asserted the innate Shiva Sai principle in the following verse:
Sarva Naama Dharam,
Shivam
Sarva Ruupa Dharam,
Shaantham
Satchidhaanandham
Adhvaitham
Sathyam Shivam Sundharam.
The supreme Felicity which
bears all names;
The supreme Serenity which
assumes all forms;
The non-dual Divinity, the
Being-awareness-Bliss
That is Truth, Goodness
and Beauty.
In conclusion, we meditate on SAI SHIVOHAM, the five lettered, non-dualistic PanchaakshariManthra. It signifies oneness of Shiva, Sai, and our Self; this is in contrast to the dualistic manthras of Namasshivaaya.
SAISHIVOHAM means that this Sathya Sai is the visible living manifestation of the unitary Shiva principle of the identity of Jeevathma and Paramaathma, of the individual Self with the Supreme Self; this is the teaching of both Shiva and Sai and also the supreme teaching of AdhvaithaVedhaantha taught in the Upanishaths.
HARI OM THATH SATH
MAHAASHIVARAATHRI, GHANDIKOTA V. SUBBA RAO
MARCH, 2000 PRASANTHI NILAYAM